Parent Emotion Communication Questionnaire (PEC)

The Parent-Child Emotion Communication Questionnaire (PEC) measures to what extent parents value emotions, consciously talk about their own and their child’s emotions with their children, thereby reflecting on both positive and negative emotions, and address the impact that emotion expression can have on others, or how emotion expression can affect social relationships.

Parent-report for toddlers and preschoolers

• Developed in Dutch, also available in Chinese, and English
• parent report, age range 1-6 years old
• 9 items
• Concurrent validity: PEC showed acceptable internal consistencies, associations with emotion expression, prosocial and disruptive behaviors in expected directions
• Original version in Dutch developed by Carolien Rieffe, Zijian Li, and Yung-Ting Tsou

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Publications

Rieffe, C., Li, Z., & Tsou, Y. T. (2024). Development and validation of the short parent–child emotion communication questionnaire. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2024.2388589

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